ASK 2026.07 — Open framework — CC BY 4.0

A security framework for AI agent systems.

ASK defines the architectural properties — enforcement, mediation, governance, and trust — so you can build agent systems that are secure, auditable, and compliant. Open, vendor-neutral, and aligned with the regulatory frameworks that matter.

"Agents are principals to be governed, not tools to be configured."

Open framework The invariants Agent-agnostic Works with Claude Code CC BY 4.0
Get started on GitHub Read the framework Threat catalog

What makes ASK different

A framework you can actually build against, to make things people can actually use.

Most AI security guidance is aspirational. ASK is operational — specific enough for an engineer to implement, an auditor to verify, and a regulator to accept.

01

Engineers can build it

ASK doesn't say "ensure appropriate oversight." It defines concrete properties — enforcement outside the agent boundary, complete mediation, immutable audit trails. Things you can implement, test, and verify. Any stack, any platform.

02

Security and compliance teams can trust it

Every action is traced. Every trust relationship is documented. Every constraint state is reconstructible. ASK maps directly to EU AI Act, NIST AI RMF, SOC 2, HIPAA, and GDPR — the evidence is structural, not bolted on.

03

Customers can rely on it

Agents built on ASK have governance that scales from a laptop to an enterprise fleet. The same invariants apply at every level — which means you can ship agent-powered products into environments with real security requirements.


The invariants

Built to earn trust, not break it.

Five claims, and the invariants that make each one true. Every invariant is binary — it holds or it doesn't — and every one has a test. When someone asks "how do I know this is safe?", the answer is a result, not a promise.

Enforcement sits outside the agent

The agent cannot reach the machinery that governs it, and that machinery keeps working when things break.

INV-01
Constraints are external and inviolable. Enforcement machinery never runs inside the agent's isolation boundary. The agent can see that a request was blocked. It cannot see, or change, the rule that blocked it.
INV-02
Mediation is complete. No path from the agent to any external resource bypasses the mediation layer. A new dependency goes through it or it does not exist.
INV-04
Enforcement failure defaults to denial. No failure of enforcement infrastructure can expand what the agent can do. An agent whose enforcement is unavailable is an agent that cannot act.
Everything is on the record

What the agent did, what it was allowed to do at the time, and what left the boundary. Recorded by something the agent cannot write to.

INV-09
Every action leaves a trace. Logs are written by the mediation layer, not the agent. The agent has no write access and cannot suppress, alter, or destroy them.
INV-10
Trajectories are recorded end to end. The record links an objective to its actions and to their external effects, as one chain. Individual actions can each look ordinary while the sequence is an attack.
INV-14
Constraint history is immutable and complete. “What was the agent permitted to do when it took that action?” must always be answerable.
Capability is granted, never taken

An agent holds what an operator gave it, bounded in how it may be used, and cannot enlarge that holding from the inside.

INV-17
Capability is declared and cannot be self-expanded. The running agent's capability set matches its declaration. It cannot grant itself a tool, a server, or a credential at runtime.
INV-18
Capability combinations are governed as a set. Private data, untrusted content, and unmediated outbound action must not coexist in one agent — however well each grant is justified on its own.
INV-19
Operations are bounded. Volume, rate, duration, concurrency, and retention each carry an enforced bound. An unbounded dimension is a violation.
Trust is explicit, never assumed

Every trust relationship is declared. What arrives unverified gets the lowest tier, and data never becomes instruction.

INV-26
Unverified entities default to zero trust. An entity whose identity cannot be verified gets the lowest tier. Ambiguous cases resolve to less trust, not more.
INV-27
The instruction channel is distinct and unpromotable. Tool output, fetched content, invocation parameters, delegation returns, any modality — all admitted as data, none promotable to instruction.
INV-29
Trust cannot be self-elevated. No principal, human or agent, raises its own trust. Elevation takes recorded human approval.
Humans can always stop it

Halt, containment, and governance stay in human hands — and the load of exercising them stays inside human capacity.

INV-33
Halt authority is asymmetric. Anyone with halt authority can halt. Only equal or higher authority can resume. An agent can stop itself and cannot restart itself.
INV-34
Quarantine is immediate, silent, and complete. Every ability to affect the environment is severed at once, with no warning to the agent. State is preserved as evidence.
INV-38
Oversight demand above threshold reduces autonomy. When approvals outrun the people responsible for them, the system reduces autonomy or halts. It never quietly falls back on reflexive approval.

Fifteen of 38 invariants. Alongside them sit 14 principles — the judgment calls the framework names rather than pretends to automate. Every invariant carries a verification test: read the full set.


Cognitive model

Know what you're deploying.

An agent decomposes into four layers: the model that reasons, the context assembled in front of it, the runtime that runs the loop, and the workspace it executes in. ASK defines who owns each one and what must hold at every boundary between them — because that is where enforcement goes.

Reasoning happens at the Model — an inference endpoint outside the workspace, owned by a vendor and treated as untrusted. The framework governs what reaches it and what its output is allowed to cause. Two things are replaceable: the workspace (reimage without losing state) and the role (load different constraints). Nothing else is portable. Inside, the critical security boundary is between Constraints (operator-owned, read-only) and Identity (agent-owned, writable). An agent that can write to its own constraints can rewrite its own rules — the architecture makes this structurally impossible.


Trust

Trust is earned, not configured.

You don't give a new hire the keys to production on day one. Agents are the same. ASK defines a trust spectrum so operators can set boundaries and users can set their own comfort level — and agents can earn more autonomy through observed behavior, not just configuration.

Level 0

Assisted

Human confirms every action. The new hire with a senior looking over their shoulder.

Level 1

Supervised

Human reviews batches. Agent proceeds on clear cases, flags the rest. Trusted but verified.

Level 2

Autonomous

Agent operates independently within defined bounds. Escalates exceptions only. The experienced team member.

Level 3

Delegated

Humans set goals, agent manages scope. Highest trust, earned through track record.

Trust elevation always requires human approval. Trust reduction can be automatic. No agent — and no human — can self-promote.


Get started

Add ASK to your AI dev tools in 30 seconds.

ASK works as context for any AI coding assistant. Point your tool at the framework and start getting security review on every design decision.

Install the ASK plugin. Gives you /ask for security review, plus skills for threat analysis and secure architecture design.

$ claude plugin marketplace add geoffbelknap/ask $ claude plugin install ask-framework@ask

Add the ASK marketplace and install the plugin. Same skills — review, threat analysis, and design.

$ copilot plugin marketplace add geoffbelknap/ask $ copilot plugin install ask-framework@ask

Install from the Command Palette, or add the marketplace to your settings for browse-and-install.

# Option 1: Install from source > Chat: Install Plugin From Source > https://github.com/geoffbelknap/ask # Option 2: Add marketplace to settings.json "chat.plugins.marketplaces": ["geoffbelknap/ask"]

Clone the ASK repo and install the plugin into your project.

$ git clone https://github.com/geoffbelknap/ask.git $ cp -r ask/skills/* ~/.codex/skills/

Clone the ASK repo into your project. Cursor, Windsurf, Cline, and other tools that read project context will pick up the framework automatically.

$ git clone https://github.com/geoffbelknap/ask.git

Compliance

ASK and the regulatory regimes that matter.

Regulators converged on asking for evidence rather than policy documents: audit trails the system cannot tamper with, human override that demonstrably works, access control you can show. ASK maps each obligation to the invariants that satisfy it and the test that evidences it — so an auditor gets a result, not a claim.

EU
EU AI Act
Articles 9, 12–15: risk management, record-keeping, transparency, human oversight, cybersecurity. ASK exceeds the Act's logging and halt requirements.
● Mapped
NIST
NIST AI RMF
All four functions (Govern, Map, Measure, Manage) mapped. Strongest alignment with MEASURE 2.7 (security/resilience) and MANAGE 2.4 (deactivation).
● Mapped
SOC
SOC 2 Type II
All five Trust Services Criteria covered. ASK's audit architecture produces structural evidence — logs are a guaranteed byproduct, not a configurable feature.
● Mapped
HHS
HIPAA
Access controls, audit controls, integrity, transmission security, authentication. Honest gap: breach detection yes, notification procedures no.
● Mapped
EU
GDPR
All six data protection principles addressed. Honest gap: right to erasure creates tension with immutable audit logs.
● Mapped
SEC
SEC AI Guidance
Documentation, human oversight, explainability, conflicts of interest, vendor risk. Audit trail and governance hierarchy directly address SEC concerns.
● Mapped

Also covered: California SB 53, AB 2013 and the CPPA rules, the Council of Europe convention, Korea, Singapore, DORA, NYDFS, ISO/IEC 42001, AIUC-1, and NIST COSAiS — alongside a plain statement of what ASK does not provide, including conformity assessment, privacy determinations, and bias testing. Working on AI compliance in a regulated industry? Contributions to the mappings are welcome.


Read the docs

Everything in one place.

ASK is a complete framework — not just principles. Each document serves a different audience and use case.

Core document

FRAMEWORK.md

Invariants, cognitive model, trust spectrum, principal hierarchy, policy model, and agent lifecycle. Start here.

Read →
Threat catalog

THREATS.md

Risks organized by attack surface — runtime, network, ingress, agent state, multi-agent, governance. Cross-referenced to MITRE ATLAS technique IDs.

Read →
Verification

VERIFICATION.md

A test for every invariant, each stating what to do and what must happen. Where a property has a part no test can reach, that part is named rather than implied.

Read →
Implementation

MITIGATIONS.md

Implementation guidance for novel threats — XPIA kill chain, MCP tampering, delegation poisoning, identity corruption, behavioral drift, and oversight fatigue.

Read →
Compliance

REGULATORY.md

Invariant-by-invariant mappings to EU AI Act, NIST AI RMF, SOC 2, HIPAA, GDPR, and SEC AI Guidance. Honest about gaps.

Read →
Honest gaps

LIMITATIONS.md

Known gaps and open questions. ASK documents what it doesn't yet cover — because honest gap reporting builds more trust than overclaiming.

Read →

About
Geoff Belknap

ASK was written by Geoff Belknap, a professional security person. ASK reflects lived experiences about the gap between AI capability and organizational readiness to deploy it safely.

License and contribution

ASK is published under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) — free to share and adapt for any purpose, including commercial, with attribution.

Contributions welcome. If you've implemented ASK, identified gaps, or want to contribute regulatory mappings — open an issue or PR on GitHub.